Sjedinjene Američke Države postavile su nove smjernice za svoje djelovanje u svemiru. U četvrtak, 18. prosinca, predsjednik Donald Trump potpisao je izvršnu uredbu pod nazivom ‘Ensuring American Space Superiority’, u kojoj se naglašava da je dominacija izvan Zemlje ključna za nacionalnu sigurnost i gospodarski prosperitet zemlje.
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U dokumentu se navodi da SAD mora provoditi svemirsku politiku koja će proširiti granice ljudskog istraživanja, zaštititi vitalne sigurnosne i ekonomske interese, potaknuti komercijalni razvoj i postaviti temelje za novo svemirsko doba. Riječ je o sveobuhvatnoj viziji koja povezuje istraživanje svemira, vojnu sigurnost i razvoj privatnog sektora.
Jedan od središnjih ciljeva uredbe jest povratak američkih astronauta na Mjesec do 2028. godine, uz početak izgradnje stalne lunarne baze do 2030. Takva bi baza trebala osigurati trajnu američku prisutnost u svemiru i poslužiti kao odskočna daska za buduće misije prema Marsu. Ovi ciljevi nadovezuju se na postojeći NASA-in program Artemis, koji već ima slične ambicije, ali ih nova uredba dodatno politički učvršćuje.
Svemirski reaktori i Zlatna kupola za SAD
Važan dio strategije odnosi se i na korištenje nuklearne energije u svemiru. Uredba kao prioritet navodi raspoređivanje nuklearnih reaktora u Zemljinoj orbiti i na Mjesecu, uz plan da barem jedan takav sustav bude spreman za slanje na lunarnu površinu do 2030. NASA već godinama razvija tehnologiju fisijskih reaktora za svemirsku primjenu, no sada se postavlja ambiciozniji vremenski okvir.
Dokument također snažno naglašava potrebu jačanja obrambenih sposobnosti SAD-a u svemiru. Do 2028. godine se predviđa razvoj i testiranje prototipova novih generacija proturaketnih obrambenih tehnologija, s ciljem znatnog unaprjeđenja američke zračne i raketne obrane. Ta se inicijativa uklapa u Trumpovu širu viziju nacionalnog obrambenog štita koji je ranije opisivao kao svojevrsnu ‘Zlatnu kupolu’ za SAD, piše Space.